New York: People infected with the original strain of the SARS-CoV2 virus, which caused COVID-19 early during the outbreak of the pandemic, produced a consistent antibody response, whereby the two main groups of antibodies bind to the spike proteins on the virus’s outer surface. Were.
However, those antibodies do not bind well to the new variants, a new study, published in the journal Nature Communications, says.
According to researcher Nicholas Wu of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, determining what types of antibodies the body is most likely to make to fight natural infections is an important roadmap for vaccine design.
For the study, the researchers mined published papers about Covid-19 patients for data about the sequence of antibodies they produced.
They focused on antibodies against the spike protein, the part of the virus that binds to receptors on human cells to infect them. The spike protein is the target of most vaccines.
They found that several antibody sequences converged into two main clusters, indicating a persistent human immune response to the virus.
“We really focused on characterizing the antibodies created in people infected with the original strain of the virus,” said research graduate student Timothy Tan.
“Before we started the study, the variants weren’t much of a problem. As they emerged, we wanted to see if the common antibodies we identified were able to bind to the new variants,” Tan said.
The researchers studied the ability of convergent antibodies to bind to several types and found that they no longer bound to a few.
The finding has implications for the continued efficacy of vaccines and the design of potential vaccine boosters, along with the potential for new variants to re-infect people who have contracted older versions of the virus.
“Even though this antibody response has a lot in common with the original strain, it doesn’t actually interact with the variant,” Wu said.
“This, of course, raises the concern of viruses evolving to evade the body’s main antibody response. Some antibodies must still be effective — the body makes antibodies to many parts of the virus, not just the spike proteins — but Particularly the groups of antibodies that we saw in this study would not be as effective,” Wu said.
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