Toronto: Adults exposed to chronic parental domestic violence have a higher prevalence of depression, anxiety and substance use disorders, and lower levels of social support than their peers, according to a new study from the University of Toronto. who do not experience the adversity of childhood.
The findings of the study have been published in the ‘Journal of Family Violence’.
The study found that one-fifth (22.5 percent) of adults exposed to chronic parental domestic violence during childhood developed a major depressive disorder at some point in their lives. This was much higher than the 9.1 percent of parents without a history of domestic violence.
“Our findings underscore the risk of long-term negative consequences of chronic domestic violence for children, even when children are not abused,” said author Esme Fuller-Thomson, director of the University of Toronto’s Institute for Life Courses and Aging. Professor at the University of Toronto and the Factor-Inventash Faculty of Social Work (FIFSW).
“Social workers and health professionals must act vigilantly to prevent domestic violence and to support both survivors of this abuse and their children,” Fuller-Thomson said. Parental domestic violence (PDV) often occurs in the context of other adversities, including childhood physical and sexual abuse, making it challenging to examine the mental health consequences associated with parental domestic violence in the absence of childhood abuse. .
To address this problem, the authors did not include anyone in their study who had experienced physical or sexual abuse in childhood.
The study’s nationally representative sample eventually included 17,739 respondents to the Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health, of whom 326 reported more than 10 PDV visits before the age of 16, referred to as ‘chronic PDV’. was defined as.
One in six adults (15.2 percent) who had experienced chronic PDV reported that they later developed an anxiety disorder. Only 7.1 percent of those who had not been exposed to parental violence also reported experiencing an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives.
“Many children who are exposed to domestic violence from their parents are constantly on alert and anxious, fearing that any conflict could turn into an attack. Therefore, it is not surprising that decades later, when When they are adults, people with a history of PDV have an elevated prevalence of anxiety disorders,” said co-author Deirdre Ryan-Morrisette, a recent Masters of Social Work graduate from the University of Toronto’s FIFSW.
More than one-quarter of adults (26.8 percent) who were exposed to chronic PDV in childhood developed a substance use disorder, compared with 19.2 percent of those exposed to this early adversity.
However, the findings were not all negative. More than three in five adults with chronic PDV were in excellent mental health, free of any mental illness, substance abuse, or suicidal thoughts in the past year; We were happy and/or satisfied with their lives and reported higher levels of social and psychological well-being despite being exposed to such traumatic experiences in childhood.
Although the prevalence of affluent mental health was lower among those exposed to chronic PDV than among those whose parents were not violent with each other (62.5 percent versus 76.1 percent), it was still higher than the authors expected. .
Co-author Schalvet Attar-Schwartz, a professor at the Hebrew University’s Paul Beirwald School of Social Work and Social, said, “We were encouraged to find that so many adults have been exposed to this early adversity and to mental illness.” encouraged to be free and to thrive.” welfare.
“Our analysis indicated that social support was an important factor. People who experienced PDV were much more likely to be in excellent mental health than those who had more social support.”
The study was limited by several factors. The Canadian Community Health Survey did not include important information about PDV such as duration in years, the respondent’s relationship to the perpetrator of the violence, or the severity of the violence. The study was based on cross-sectional data collected at one point in time; It would have been much better to have longitudinal rather than cross-sectional data.
Fuller-Thomson said, “Our study highlights the need for more research on mental illness, substance use disorders, and social isolation among people at PDV risk, aiming for a greater proportion of childhood adversity to be associated with optimal mental health.” health is to be attained.” ,
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