World Brain Tumor Day 2022: Brain tumors are characterized by abnormal growth of cells in the brain. Tumors can develop in any part of the brain or skull, including the underside of the brain, the protective lining, the brainstem, and the nasal cavity.
When the tumor grows inside the brain, it puts pressure on that part and thus also affects the functions of the body for which the particular area is responsible. Researchers have identified more than 120 types of brain tumors based on the brain tissue it affects.
Brain tumors can be mainly classified into two types, namely benign and malignant tumors. Benign brain tumors are non-cancerous and usually have slow growth. They are isolated and mostly do not spread to other parts. However, benign tumors can still be dangerous because they compress and damage part of the brain, resulting in severe dysfunction. When a tumor grows in a significant part of the brain, it can be life-threatening.
Some benign brain tumors include vestibular, meningioma, pituitary adenoma, schwannoma, and chondroma.
Malignant brain tumors are cancerous and grow rapidly. They do not have distinct boundaries and often attack other healthy parts of the brain. It can be life-threatening as it damages vital structures of the brain. Some cancerous brain tumors include medulloblastoma, chondrosarcoma, and olfactory neuroblastoma.
Symptoms
Not all brain tumors have symptoms. Meningioma, which is the most common brain tumor in adults, usually grows slowly and goes unnoticed. But, there are still some symptoms that can be noticed. These symptoms depend on the size of the tumor, the area it affects and how fast it is growing. Some are listed below.
- difficulty thinking
- hearing loss
- memory loss
- confusion and disorientation
- personality or behavior changes
- loss of balance or dizziness
- recovery
- treatment
Doctors diagnose brain tumors through neurological exams, biopsies, and brain scans. Surgery is the most commonly used method to treat brain tumors. However, there are other options as well.
- radiotherapy
- ‘steroids’
- anti-seizure medication
- ventricular peritoneal shunt
- chemotherapy
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