election to choose the next president of India Will be held on 18th July, result of which will be declared on 21st July Election The commission made the announcement on Thursday. Along with the president, a new vice-president will also be elected and that election is likely to take place in August.
The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and its allies have a comfortable majority in the President’s electoral college consisting of MPs from both houses of Parliament and legislators from all state legislatures. He also has the required numbers in the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha to elect the next Vice President.
While the political circles are full of speculations about possible candidates, here is how the President and Vice President are elected in India.
President
A contestant must be a citizen of India and above 35 years of age. In addition, he should be eligible to become a member of the Lok Sabha.
The President is elected by an electoral college consisting of elected members of both the Houses of Parliament and the Legislative Assemblies of the States and Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry.
So, the electoral college consists of 776 members of parliament (543 from Lok Sabha, 233 from Rajya Sabha), as well as 4,809 members of state legislatures.
The electoral college has a value of 10,86,431 votes. The value of the vote of each elector (MP/MLA) is predetermined. For each MP, the price has been fixed at 708. For a legislator, this value is determined by a formula incorporating the population (based on the 1971 census) of the state he represents. So the price varies from state to state.
Being the most populous state, each MLA of Uttar Pradesh has the highest value of 208 among all the states. So the total value of 403 MLAs of UP is 83,824. The total vote value of the state’s 80 MPs is 56,640. This means the total value of votes of MPs and MLAs of the state is 1.4 lakh, giving them around 12.7 per cent weightage.
After the filing of nominations, ballots (green for MPs and pink for legislators) are given to legislators, in their states and union territories, and parliamentarians to cast their votes.
According to reports, this time in Jammu and Kashmir, due to the absence of an assembly, the value of an MP’s vote may drop from 708 to 700 in the presidential election.
The election is not won by the person who wins maximum votes but by the person who gets more votes than a certain quota.
Therefore, after computing the total value of votes cast by each candidate, the Returning Officer adds up the value of all valid votes cast. The quota is determined by dividing the sum of valid votes by 2 and adding one to the quotient.
If no one gets more votes than the quota, the candidate receiving the fewest votes is eliminated.
Vice President
To become a candidate, a person has to fulfill certain criteria. He should be nominated as a proposer and seconder by at least 20 electors.
A person cannot be elected as a Vice President unless he is a citizen of India, has completed 35 years of age, and is eligible for election as a member of the Rajya Sabha (Rajya Sabha) .
If the person holds any office of profit under the Central or State Government or any subordinate local authority, he is not eligible to hold that office.
The Vice President is elected by an electoral college. Only Members of Parliament (MPs) of Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha can vote.
The VP is elected by the members of both the Houses of Parliament in a joint sitting according to the system of proportional representation by means of single transferable vote and voting in such election is by secret ballot.
Citizens and members of the Legislative Assembly do not directly elect the Vice President.
Apart from the elected members of both the houses, nominated members such as those from the Anglo-Indian community are also allowed to vote.
To be victorious, a candidate must secure at least 393 votes out of 785, which is the combined strength of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.
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