Get active to take the third gender into the mainstream

‘Transgender’ refers to individuals who do not identify with the binary gender system of male and female. They may identify as both, neither, or a combination of both genders. ‘Mainstreaming’ those who identify as transgender involves creating a society that is inclusive and supportive of them. There will be a need for policies and programs that ensure their socio-economic and political empowerment, as well as creating awareness among people in general. Governments also need to address the discrimination and stigma faced by the community. India’s legal recognition of a third gender was an important step. In 2014, the Supreme Court recognized third gender as a legal category, giving them the right to self-identify and access government benefits and services. But challenges abound.

There is discrimination in education and employment. Many are denied access because of their gender identity, resulting in economic marginalization and poverty. The health needs of the community are also neglected as many people find that they are discriminated against in health facilities. Religious and cultural beliefs also play a part in this, resulting in many people being abandoned by their families. Another issue of concern is violence against transgenders. Many people face this on a regular basis, causing fear and insecurity.

Some states and firms have taken positive steps to create an inclusive environment for them. Prominent among the states is Kerala, which in 2015 became the first state in India to introduce a transgender policy. It provides for the creation of a Transgender Justice Board, the only one of its kind, to address issues faced by the community, and also includes provisions for education, employment and healthcare. In 2018, Tamil Nadu announced a scheme offering free sex reassignment surgery (SRS) to transgenders, apart from education and job opportunities.

While most enterprises talk about LGBTQ+ inclusion, few have done much for the third gender. Notable are Tata Steel and Indian Oil Corp, which have taken initiatives to create inclusive workplaces for transgenders. Both recruit transgender trainee engineers and offer education and skill development.

There is still a long way to go to end discrimination. It is also a global issue. In 2007, Nepal became the first country in the world to recognize a third gender category on its citizenship certificates. The country also ensures legal protection and has taken steps for transgender welfare.

In 2012, Argentina became the first country to allow transgenders to legally change their gender identity without the need for a diagnosis or SRS, which its public health system provides free of charge. Sweden is probably the most LGBTQ-friendly country, which has done a lot for inclusion. Canada has passed a transgender rights bill that provides legal protections and prohibits discrimination on the basis of gender identity.

Among global enterprises, Starbucks is one of the largest to create an inclusive workplace for transgender employees. It provides gender-affirming health coverage, education and training to its employees. While each country or organization may have its own approach, the key to success lies in creating an inclusive environment that recognizes and respects the rights of transgenders and gives them equal access to opportunities and resources. Governments should take a proactive approach and work with civil society, NGOs, businesses and other stakeholders to help mainstream the third gender. Here are five focus areas for this:

An Education: The government should ensure equal educational access for the transgender community.

two, healthcare: Ensure that transgender persons have access to affordable and gender-affirming health services.

three, employment: Ensure equal access to employment opportunities, and insist that employers create an inclusive workplace.

Four, Social Inclusion: Address the stigma faced by the community and sensitize the general population.

Fifth, skill development: Skill India Mission can provide these opportunities and enable transgenders to enter the workforce and contribute to the economy.

On its part, the community can also do its bit. Here are some pointers:

Demand reservation in politics, public office and employment.

Join together under the LGBTQ+ banner and organize events for awareness that are fun and get attention.

· Build a local community center and publicize its activities throughout the community.

Receive speaker roles at large events, not necessarily related to LGBTQ+ issues.

Build a website and social media presence for the community and publicize issues and activities. Dispel myths about the third gender and insert ‘show-and-tell’ photos and videos.

At work places, help employers develop awareness modules for employees to respect and deal with transgenders. Washroom policy can be explained and explained why gender perceptions and sensitivities need to be broadened to reflect the real world.

M. Munir and Tumpa Dey are co-founders of the non-profit Medici Institute and assistant professors at the Institute of Management Technology, Hyderabad, respectively.

Updated: June 18, 2023, 11:35 PM IST