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On the occasion of 75th Independence Day being celebrated today, let us take a look at the events following the partition of India-Pakistan-Bangladesh that helped to shape India-Pakistan-Bangladesh. India we see today.
British India was divided into smaller provinces and princely states. The former were directly under the control of the British government, while many large and small states were ruled by princes, and were known as princely states, which enjoyed some form of control over their internal affairs as long as they ruled the British. accepted supremacy. There were about 565 princely states at the time of independence.
The British government had said that the states were free to join or remain independent of India or Pakistan. This decision was left to the people of these princely states and the rulers of the princely states. However, this was a problem when trying to build a united India, both geographically and politically.
The rulers of Travancore, Bhopal and Hyderabad had declared that the state had decided on independence.
In most of these princely states, governments were run in a non-democratic manner and the rulers were unwilling to give up their democratic rights to their population.
Other cities, including Lahore, Amritsar and Kolkata, were divided into ‘communal areas’. Muslims would avoid going to the area where the majority of Hindus or Sikhs lived or vice versa. The division led to a division of assets, liabilities and assets, a political and administrative division.
What did the government do?
The Interim Government took a tough stand against the possible partition of India into smaller princely states of different sizes. The Muslims opposed the Indian National Congress (INC) and were of the opinion that the states should be free to adopt any course of their choice. Jawaharlal Nehru was appointed as the first Prime Minister of India. He served in this position from August 15, 1947 to January 26, 1950.
Sardar Patel, who was India’s Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister during this time, played a historic role in negotiating with princely rulers and bringing many of them to form the Indian Union. There were 26 small states in present-day Orissa. Gujarat had 14 large states and 119 small states and several administrations. the list goes on. The government had to bring them along.
agreement between the states and the government
The rulers of most states had signed a document called the ‘Instrument of Accession’, which meant that their state had agreed to be part of the Union of India. The merger of the princely states of Junagadh, Hyderabad, Kashmir and Manipur, however, proved more difficult than the rest. The issue of Junagadh was resolved after the people voted they wanted to join the Union of India.
In the case of Hyderabad, which was the largest of the princely states, its ruler entered into a one-year stagnation agreement with India in November 1947, while negotiations were on with the Indian government. Meanwhile the farmers of Telangana region, who were victims of the oppressive rule of the Nizam, rose up against him. After many protests and quarrels, the Nizam surrendered which led to the merger of Hyderabad with India.
For Manipur, the state’s Maharaja Bodhchandra Singh signed the Instrument of Accession with the Government of India with the assurance that Manipur’s internal autonomy would be maintained. Later, under pressure from public opinion, the Maharaja held elections in Manipur in June 1948 and the state became a constitutional monarchy. Thus Manipur was the first part of India to hold elections on the basis of universal adult franchise.
reorganization of states
After the signing of the ‘Instrument of Accession’ by the princely states, the challenge was now to draw the internal boundaries of the Indian states. It included not only administrative divisions but also linguistic and cultural divisions. Our leaders realized that creating states on the basis of language could lead to disruption and disintegration and was likely to divert attention from other social and economic challenges facing the country. Therefore, the central leadership decided to adjourn the cases.
However, protests began in the Telugu-speaking areas of the old Madras province, which included present-day Tamil Nadu, parts of Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Karnataka. The Vishalandhra movement demanding a separate Andhra wanted the Telugu speaking areas to be separated from the Madras province. Eventually, the Prime Minister announced the formation of a separate Andhra state in December 1952.
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The Central Government later set up a States Reorganization Commission in 1953 to look into the question of redrawing the boundaries of the states. The commission in its report said that the boundaries of the state should reflect the boundaries of individual languages. Based on this report, the States Reorganization Act was passed in 1956. This led to the creation of 14 states and six union territories. Linguistic reorganization also gave a somewhat uniform basis to the drawing of state boundaries and did not lead to the disintegration of the country, as many feared earlier. Rather, it strengthened national unity by acknowledging diversity.
What did the United States need
After partition, the immediate challenge of the government was to shape a nation that was united despite its diversity. Indians speak different languages and have different cultures and religions. The task was to unite them without changing their background, language or culture.
There was also a challenge to the establishment of democracy. Another challenge was to ensure the development and welfare of the society as a whole. The central government now had to formulate effective policies for economic development and poverty alleviation.
Explained by News18 To know about other subjects taught in the school, here is a list of other classes with News18: Questions Related to Chapters Election , sex vs sex , cryptocurrency , economy and banks , how to become president of india , post independence struggle , How India adopted its flag , Formation of States and United India |
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