Republic Day 2022: 26 January marks the date the Constitution of India came into force in 1950 and is celebrated as Republic Day. On this date, India became a sovereign nation free from the British monarchy. On the 72nd anniversary of Republic Day, we look at some key facts about the Indian Constitution.
History
Adapted from the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the Constitution of India became the supreme law of this country, replacing the Government of India Act 1935. After India’s independence from British rule in 1947, the Constituent Assembly of India was elected to frame the Constitution of India. It was passed and adopted on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January the following year.
The drafting committee was headed by its chairman, Dr BR Ambedkar, a jurist, economist and social reformer who worked for the upliftment of the Dalits of India. KM Munshi, Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, Mohammed Sadulla, N Madhav Rao and Gopal Swami Ayyangar were the other six members of the committee. The first President of India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the chairman of the drafting committee.
Properties
The Indian Constitution is the longest constitution in the world and the second largest active constitution. It consists of 470 articles in 25 parts and 12 schedules with five appendices. It originally had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules. Additions took place through amendments or changes in the constitution.
separation of powers
The Constitution of India distinguishes between the center and the states in the political power structure in the country. It provides checks and balances between the organs of government, namely the judiciary, the executive and the legislature, to prevent the concentration of power in a particular branch.
democracy
The Preamble to the Constitution of India declares India to be a ‘sovereign socialist secular democratic republic’ with a parliamentary form of government. Six fundamental rights, namely the right to equality, liberty, the right against exploitation, freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights, and the right to constitutional remedies, are recognized by the Indian Constitution.
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