Seoul: While exercise has many health benefits, physical activity can paradoxically accelerate the buildup of calcium deposits (plaque) in coronary arteries, the amount of which is used to measure potential risk of heart disease (CVD), a found in research. .
However, studies do not overstate the many health benefits of regular exercise that can help ward off obesity, diabetes, heart attack/stroke, and death, among other things.
An international team of researchers from Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine in Seoul stated that physical activity can exacerbate coronary atherosclerosis (artery narrowing) through mechanical stress and injury to the vessel wall, and through physiological responses that signal, such as increases in blood pressure and parathyroid hormone, in South Korea and the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Maryland, USA.
“The other possibility is that physical activity may increase CAC (coronary artery calcium) scores[without increasing the risk of heart disease],” he said. CAC is used to guide treatment to precipitate a heart attack or stroke. Physical activity may also modify the effects of diet, vitamins and minerals, suggests the study published online in the journal Heart.
The team studied 25,485 healthy adults aged at least 30 who underwent routine comprehensive checkups between March 2011 and December 2017 at two major health centers in Seoul and Suwon, South Korea.
The results showed that those who were more physically active were older and less likely to smoke than the less physically active participants. They had lower total cholesterol, higher blood pressure, and existing evidence of calcium deposits in their coronary arteries.
A gradual association between physical activity level and the prevalence and progression of coronary artery calcification emerged over time, regardless of the CAC score at the beginning of the monitoring period.
But higher physical activity was associated with faster progression of CAC scores in both those without calcium deposits and those who already had CAC scores at the start of the monitoring period.
This is an observational study, and therefore, cannot establish causation. The researchers also acknowledge several study limitations, including the absence of an objective assessment of physical activity; and no data on incident heart attack/stroke or CAC density or volume.
“The cardiovascular benefits of physical activity are undeniable,” stress the researchers, reiterating the guidelines recommending at least 150-300 minutes/week of moderate intensity or 75-150 minutes/week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity.
“Patients and clinicians, however, need to consider that engaging in physical activity may accelerate progression of coronary calcium, possibly due to plaque healing, stabilization and calcification, as they noted.
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